The origins of Malayalam cinema in the 1930s and 40s were deeply intertwined with the cultural renaissance of the time. Early films like Balan (1938) tackled social evils such as the dowry system and untouchability, aligning with the reform movements sweeping across the princely state of Travancore. For a culture steeped in Theyyam , Kathakali , and ritualistic theatre, early cinema served as a technological heir to these performative traditions. However, it was the 1950s and 60s that saw the emergence of a distinct cinematic grammar, heavily influenced by the socialist realism of the era. Films like Neelakuyil (1954) and Moodupadam (1963) broke away from mythological tropes to explore the lives of the oppressed, directly engaging with Kerala’s land reforms and the rise of the communist movement. Here, cinema became a tool for political awakening, not just passive viewing.
Malayalam cinema is deeply rooted in Kerala's culture and society. The films often reflect the state's rich literary tradition, folklore, and cultural heritage. The industry has also played a significant role in promoting social and cultural change, addressing issues like casteism, communalism, and women's empowerment. The origins of Malayalam cinema in the 1930s
(2019): A poignant drama known for its atmospheric setting and exploration of modern family dynamics. The Great Indian Kitchen However, it was the 1950s and 60s that
Have you watched a Malayalam film recently? The next time you queue up a film like "Potheri" or "Iratta," remember: You aren’t just watching a story. You’re reading the diary of a culture. Malayalam cinema is deeply rooted in Kerala's culture
“The films are feminist, but the sets are not,” one production controller told me, speaking on condition of anonymity. “We have brilliant scripts about women’s autonomy, and on lunch break, the same director will ask a junior artist to fetch him tea and call her ‘chechi’ (sister) in a condescending tone.”
Ananya Radhakrishnan is a Kochi-based critic and author of ‘The New Wave: A Decade of Malayalam Cinema’ (Westland, 2024).