Modern Zambia was shaped by British interests in mineral wealth and strategic expansion. Pre-Colonial Trade in Zambia | PDF - Scribd
: While copper prices were high, the economy thrived. However, the 1973 oil crisis and falling copper prices led to long-term economic decline and debt. 6. The Shift to Multiparty Democracy (1991–Present)
: Rule was marked by the "Indirect Rule" system through traditional chiefs, the "Chitupa" (pass) system to restrict movement, and racial segregation in housing and education. Central African Federation : From 1953 to 1963, Northern Rhodesia was joined with Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and
In 1888, the British South Africa Company (BSAC), led by Cecil John Rhodes, obtained mineral rights from local chiefs.