The denial of autonomy has been linked to internalized subservience and domestic vulnerability.
The Manusmriti (Laws of Manu) is one of the most cited and controversial ancient legal texts of Hinduism. Composed over two millennia ago, it outlines social, moral, and legal codes. Among its many verses, frequently appears in debates on gender, law, and justice. This article examines the verse’s literal translation, historical context, and modern interpretations. manusmriti chapter 9 verse 225
: Her husband is her lord, indicating his authority and responsibility to protect and provide for her. The denial of autonomy has been linked to
The Sanskrit word used is gopayet , derived from the root gup (to guard, but also to conceal or cover). Among its many verses, frequently appears in debates
"Yeṣāṃ hi nāsty aṅgakṛtaḥ sadācāro na parāṅmukhaḥ | Tāṃś ca yatnād gopayet tāsāṃ rakṣāṇāṃ hi mūlam idam ||"