Light, flexible, and even semi-transparent solar panels that can be applied to windows or backpacks.
The mobility (μ) in organics is not constant. It is highly dependent on electric field (Poole-Frenkel dependence) and temperature. The Miller-Abrahams hopping rate equation governs how charge carriers tunnel or hop over energetic barriers: [ \nu_ij = \nu_0 \exp\left(-2\gamma R_ij\right) \times \begincases \exp\left(-\frac\Delta E_ijk_B T\right) & \textif \Delta E_ij > 0 \ 1 & \textif \Delta E_ij \le 0 \endcases ]
that covers modern developments in Organic Photovoltaics (OPV) and OLEDs.
: When light is absorbed, it creates a bound electron-hole pair called an . Because of high binding energies (