i. Economic consequences of AMR ii. History of antibiotic discovery iii. How resistance develops and spreads iv. Global response and drug development challenges v. Role of patients and basic prevention vi. Differences between viral and bacterial infections
Addressing antibiotic resistance requires a multi-faceted approach. Strategies include: How resistance develops and spreads iv
Below is a practice reading passage designed to mimic the style and difficulty of the IELTS exam, followed by a breakdown of verified answers and explanations to help you understand the logic behind the test. How resistance develops and spreads iv
C. The misuse of antibiotics is widespread. In many parts of the world, these drugs are available over the counter without a prescription, leading to self-medication and inappropriate usage. Furthermore, antibiotics are heavily used in agriculture to prevent disease in livestock and promote growth. This agricultural use accounts for a significant portion of global antibiotic consumption, creating a reservoir of resistant bacteria that can be transmitted to humans through the food chain. How resistance develops and spreads iv
List of headings: i. Lack of new drug development ii. How bacteria become resistant iii. Historical success of antibiotics iv. The role of farming v. Predicted death toll
Today there are some bacterial infections for which we have no effective antibiotic. Reasoning:
( Source: IELTS Reading Passage - "Antibiotic Resistance" by Cambridge University Press)