On the other hand, the Madura people originate from the island of Madura, located off the coast of East Java. They are predominantly Muslim and have a strong cultural identity shaped by their Islamic faith and their history as a distinct ethnic group.
In Indonesia, discussing the Sampit conflict remains a sensitive topic. Authorities and community leaders generally discourage the dissemination of provocative media that could reignite old tensions.
Rapid demographic changes led to disagreements over land ownership and usage.